About 5-Year Variable Mortgages
The 5-year variable is the most popular variable term in Canada. The lender locks you in for 60 months but ties your interest rate to a discount or premium against their prime rate (e.g., Prime − 0.65%). Every scheduled BoC announcement can move your rate up or down within hours.
The 5-year variable has historically delivered some of the strongest savings versus 5-year fixed — the Moshe Milevsky studies showed variable outperforming fixed in roughly 9 out of 10 historical 5-year windows. But the 2022–2024 hiking cycle reminded everyone that 'most of the time' isn't 'always'.
Break penalty is the headline advantage: regardless of when in the 5 years you exit, the penalty is typically just 3 months' interest. That's a fraction of the IRD on a 5-year fixed, and it makes variable far more flexible if life circumstances change.
Pros
- Lowest break penalty (~3 months' interest) over the full 5 years
- Captures every BoC rate cut immediately
- Easy mid-term conversion to a fixed product
- Historically out-performs 5-year fixed
Cons
- Rate exposure for the full 60 months
- Trigger rate risk on true variables
- Renewal still happens at year 5 — same as 5-year fixed
Who it suits: Long-horizon homeowners who want the cheapest expected cost over 5 years and accept rate volatility in exchange for low exit costs.